What fundamental principle states that society is governed by law and applies equally to all persons?

The principle that society is governed by law and applies equally to all persons is the Rule of Law. This concept emphasizes that no one is above the law, meaning that laws should govern a nation, not arbitrary decisions by individual government officials. It ensures that every individual, regardless of status or power, is accountable under the law, which promotes fairness and justice within society.

The Rule of Law is foundational in democratic societies, as it upholds the rights and freedoms of individuals while maintaining order. It contrasts with situations where power may be concentrated in a few individuals or institutions that operate outside the reach of the law. The belief in the Rule of Law fosters trust in the legal system and the government, encouraging civic participation and adherence to regulations.

In comparison, while Due Process relates to the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person, it does not inherently convey the broader concept of equal application of law to all citizens. The Social Contract refers to the implicit agreement among individuals to form a society, which is more about the origins of political authority than the application of law. Legal Precedent, on the other hand, involves the use of past judicial decisions to guide current case law, but it does not encompass the principle of equal governance