What is the legal principle that prohibits an individual from being tried twice for the same offense?

The legal principle that prevents an individual from being tried twice for the same offense is known as Double Jeopardy. This concept is rooted in both common law and the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution, which specifically states that no person shall "be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb." This means that once a person has been acquitted or convicted of a specific charge, they cannot be retried for that same charge, ensuring the finality of legal proceedings and protecting individuals from the distress and burden of multiple trials for the same alleged crime.

The other terms listed do not have the same legal implications as Double Jeopardy. Res Judicata pertains to preventing the re-litigation of a case that has already been judged on its merits, but primarily in civil law rather than criminal cases. Double Counting is not a legal principle but more of an accounting term that refers to the risk of tallying the same item or value more than once. Statute of Limitations, on the other hand, defines the maximum period after an event within which legal proceedings may be initiated, but it does not relate to the principle of being tried twice for the same offense.